# Fraud prevention research blog

- [Browser fingerprinting techniques: signals and limits](https://protectproduct.com/blog/browser-fingerprinting-techniques/): Understand browser fingerprinting techniques, including canvas, audio and device signals. Evaluate persistence and privacy without treating a hash as a person.
- [VPN and proxy detection tools: compare signal quality](https://protectproduct.com/blog/vpn-proxy-detection-tools/): Compare VPN and proxy detection tools by input, signal meaning, platform coverage and false alarms. Evaluate legitimate privacy networks in the test cohort.
- [Synthetic identity fraud: proofing, signals and scope](https://protectproduct.com/blog/synthetic-identity-fraud/): Understand synthetic identity fraud and the limits of device or IP evidence. Separate identity proofing, authentication and transaction review in a pilot.
- [Audio fingerprinting in browsers: methods and limits](https://protectproduct.com/blog/audio-fingerprinting-browser/): Learn what browser audio fingerprinting measures. Separate offline Web Audio computation, microphone recording and music identification, with a test plan.
- [Click farm detection: ad fraud, SIVT and measurement](https://protectproduct.com/blog/click-farm-ad-fraud/): Evaluate click farm detection with campaign metrics and qualified outcomes. Separate SIVT terminology, bot scores and advertising supply-chain transparency.
- [Anonymity checks: browser observations and their limits](https://protectproduct.com/blog/anonymity-check/): Understand what an anonymity check can show about one browser visit. Compare IP, proxy and fingerprint observations without claiming universal online anonymity.
- [Sybil attack prevention: identities, claims and limits](https://protectproduct.com/blog/sybil-attack-prevention/): Design Sybil attack prevention around privileges and clear eligibility. Compare identity, rate, reputation and account links without assuming device uniqueness.
- [IP fraud scores: meaning, thresholds and device risk](https://protectproduct.com/blog/ip-fraud-score/): Interpret an IP fraud score using the provider’s scale, evidence and timing. Keep network reputation separate from device identity and account authorization.
- [Bot detection tools: compare controls and workflows](https://protectproduct.com/blog/bot-detection-tools/): Compare bot detection tools by endpoint, response policy, integration work and customer impact. Build a shortlist around the action you need to protect.
- [Device fingerprinting providers: compare the evidence](https://protectproduct.com/blog/device-fingerprinting-providers/): Compare device fingerprinting providers by identity output, platform support, event integrity and review needs. Test actual evidence before choosing a supplier.
- [Fraud decisioning platforms: workflows and dashboards](https://protectproduct.com/blog/fraud-decisioning-dashboards/): Evaluate fraud decisioning platforms from evidence collection to enforcement and review. Use dashboards with clear denominators, policy versions and outcomes.
- [Ban evasion detection: evidence and device ban limits](https://protectproduct.com/blog/ban-evasion-detection/): Build ban evasion detection around moderation evidence, account relationships and appeals. Understand device ban limits without relying on a single identifier.
- [Device intelligence platforms: identity and risk scope](https://protectproduct.com/blog/device-intelligence-platforms/): Evaluate device intelligence platforms for fraud prevention. Separate device context, account decisions and inventory before building a vendor shortlist.
- [CAPTCHA alternatives: compare signup and login checks](https://protectproduct.com/blog/captcha-alternatives/): Compare CAPTCHA alternatives for signup and login. Understand challenge tokens, attestation, passive risk and authentication before choosing the next control.
- [Payment gateway fraud detection: prevent card testing](https://protectproduct.com/blog/payment-gateway-fraud-card-testing/): Protect payment attempts from card testing. Map checkout and setup endpoints, handle retries and gateway responses, and preserve legitimate customer purchases.
- [Ecommerce fraud prevention tools: choose by workflow](https://protectproduct.com/blog/ecommerce-fraud-prevention-tools/): Compare ecommerce fraud prevention tools for payments, accounts, disputes and returns. Match the purchase to a measured loss, decision point and operating team.
- [Promo code abuse prevention: eligibility to redemption](https://protectproduct.com/blog/promo-code-abuse-prevention/): Build promo code abuse prevention around eligibility, account evidence and redemption records. Handle reversals and shared households in the same workflow.
- [New vs returning visitors: definitions and benchmarks](https://protectproduct.com/blog/new-vs-returning-visitors/): Understand new vs returning visitors, user counts and cohort overlap. Compare like-for-like data before relying on a benchmark or diagnosing a visitor ratio.
- [iGaming bonus abuse: eligibility, evidence and review](https://protectproduct.com/blog/igaming-bonus-abuse/): Evaluate iGaming bonus abuse through promotion rules, account links and payment evidence. Keep operator obligations and legitimate customer review in scope.
- [Fake account prevention: evaluate signups and benefits](https://protectproduct.com/blog/fake-account-prevention/): Design fake account prevention around signup policy, mailbox access, account relationships and benefit claims. Keep legitimate shared-device cases reviewable.
- [Cookieless visitor identification: what IDs can prove](https://protectproduct.com/blog/cookieless-visitor-identification/): Assess cookieless visitor identification across storage changes and devices. Separate browser environments, known accounts and people before using an ID.
- [Referral fraud detection: check claims before rewards](https://protectproduct.com/blog/referral-fraud-detection/): Connect referral fraud detection to referrers, claimants and qualified events. Review self-referrals, reward states and reversals before paying an incentive.
- [Residential proxy detection: signals and false alarms](https://protectproduct.com/blog/residential-proxy-detection/): Evaluate residential proxy detection across shared or mobile networks. Keep labels, precision and false-positive denominators clear before limiting access.
- [Fraud detection APIs: events, results and integration](https://protectproduct.com/blog/fraud-detection-api/): Choose a fraud detection API by event contract, response meaning and enforcement point. Plan retries, missing results, platform support and usage costs.
- [Fraud vendor comparisons: product scope before rankings](https://protectproduct.com/blog/fraud-vendor-comparisons/): Compare ShieldLabs and fraud vendors by task, platform, evidence and operating work. Review product scope and separate software pricing from financial coverage.
- [Account takeover signals: review the whole session](https://protectproduct.com/blog/account-takeover-signals/): Review account takeover signals from login through recovery and payout changes. Connect device context, account history and verification to sensitive actions.
- [Multi-accounting detection tools: review account links](https://protectproduct.com/blog/multi-accounting-detection-tools/): Evaluate multi-accounting detection tools by link evidence, review workflow and shared-device handling. Test links without assuming one device is a person.
- [Affiliate fraud detection: qualify and reconcile claims](https://protectproduct.com/blog/affiliate-fraud-detection/): Build affiliate fraud detection around conversions, attribution rules and reward reconciliation. Review relationships before approving or reversing payouts.
- [Loyalty fraud prevention: points, accounts and payouts](https://protectproduct.com/blog/loyalty-fraud-prevention/): Protect loyalty points through account access, earning, transfers and redemption. Use a clear ledger and sensitive-action checks to investigate suspected abuse.
- [Gift card fraud prevention: protect the value ledger](https://protectproduct.com/blog/gift-card-fraud-prevention/): Protect gift card value from issuance through redemption. Review payment, account, balance and support controls, then reconcile retries and ledger adjustments.
- [Proxy detection API: trusted IPs, IPv6 and integration](https://protectproduct.com/blog/proxy-detection-api/): Integrate a proxy detection API with trusted client IPs, IPv6 handling and missing results. Distinguish Tor, relays and proxy labels before taking action.
- [Return abuse prevention: refunds, evidence and review](https://protectproduct.com/blog/refund-return-abuse-prevention/): Connect return abuse prevention to order, item and fulfillment records. Review account links and reconcile refunds while preserving customer resolution.
- [BNPL fraud prevention: credit, accounts and fulfillment](https://protectproduct.com/blog/bnpl-fraud-prevention/): Separate BNPL fraud prevention responsibilities across financing, account access, order acceptance and refunds. Evaluate merchant controls against an agreement.
- [Free trial abuse prevention: compare tools and policy](https://protectproduct.com/blog/free-trial-abuse-prevention/): Compare free trial abuse prevention tools against eligibility, benefit release, billing units and review work. Design a narrow pilot with legitimate users too.
- [Paywall abuse prevention: entitlement and delivery checks](https://protectproduct.com/blog/paywall-abuse-prevention/): Protect paywalled content with server-side entitlement and delivery checks. Review caches, APIs, subscription sharing and intentional search access together.
- [Account takeover detection tools: compare their scope](https://protectproduct.com/blog/account-takeover-detection-tools/): Compare account takeover detection tools by login, recovery, sensitive actions and review workflow. Check platform support and outcomes in a controlled pilot.
- [Ticket scalping prevention: queues and purchase rules](https://protectproduct.com/blog/ticket-scalping-prevention/): Connect ticket scalping prevention to queue integrity, inventory holds, buyer eligibility and transfers. Measure legitimate access alongside policy abuse.
- [AI bot detection: verify crawlers and trusted agents](https://protectproduct.com/blog/ai-bot-detection/): Separate AI crawlers, authorized agents and abusive requests. Verify automation, define route permissions and evaluate AI bot detection without blanket blocks.
- [Anti-detect browser detection: consistency and context](https://protectproduct.com/blog/antidetect-browser-detection/): Evaluate anti-detect browser detection through environment consistency, collection limits and account evidence. Use authorized tests and review normal changes.
- [Bot detection API integration: a server-side checklist](https://protectproduct.com/blog/bot-detection-api-integration/): Connect a bot detection API to a protected action. Review event binding, server validation, retries, timeouts and privacy before enforcing a result in your app.
- [Credential stuffing prevention: protect valid logins](https://protectproduct.com/blog/credential-stuffing-prevention/): Build a credential stuffing prevention plan around authentication, request controls, event evidence and account recovery. Review legitimate login impact too.
- [TLS and HTTP fingerprinting: JA4, HTTP/2 and context](https://protectproduct.com/blog/tls-http-fingerprinting/): Understand TLS and HTTP fingerprinting, JA4 families and observation points. Connect protocol evidence to requests without treating a pattern as a person.
- [Chargeback fraud prevention: device evidence and limits](https://protectproduct.com/blog/chargeback-fraud-device-intelligence/): Use device intelligence in chargeback fraud prevention without overstating identity or intent. Separate pre-order checks, dispute evidence and coverage terms.
- [Marketplace fraud prevention: profiles and transactions](https://protectproduct.com/blog/marketplace-fake-profile-fraud/): Build marketplace fraud prevention for fake profiles, seller abuse, compromised accounts and reviews. Match each case to evidence, policy and a case owner.
- [Account sharing detection: seats, sessions and policy](https://protectproduct.com/blog/account-sharing-detection/): Evaluate account sharing detection for subscriptions and SaaS. Define seats, delegated access and concurrent sessions before restricting legitimate customers.
- [Anonymous visitor personalization: evidence and limits](https://protectproduct.com/blog/anonymous-visitor-personalization/): Plan anonymous visitor personalization with contextual events and data boundaries. Separate known accounts from inferred browser links and measure the result.
- [Location spoofing detection: evidence without guesswork](https://protectproduct.com/blog/location-spoofing-detection/): Assess location spoofing detection with IP context, device coordinates, accuracy and time. Handle missing permissions and travel before changing access.
- [AI trial abuse prevention: control compute entitlement](https://protectproduct.com/blog/ai-trial-abuse-controls/): Prevent AI trial abuse at the compute boundary. Connect account eligibility, job reservations, usage and retries before releasing expensive product resources.
- [Brand impersonation detection: discovery to takedown](https://protectproduct.com/blog/brand-impersonation-takedown/): Evaluate brand impersonation detection across social profiles, phishing pages, fake apps and listings. Track evidence, platform reports and removal outcomes.
- [Credential exposure monitoring: assess account risk](https://protectproduct.com/blog/credential-exposure-monitoring/): Connect credential exposure monitoring to account remediation. Separate leaked credentials, password checks and live compromise before deciding what to verify.
- [Travel fraud prevention: bookings, changes and refunds](https://protectproduct.com/blog/travel-booking-fraud/): Protect booking sites across inventory, payment, account access and itinerary changes. Evaluate travel context fairly and reconcile supplier and refund states.
- [Voice fraud detection: call identity and risk scoring](https://protectproduct.com/blog/voice-fraud-risk-scoring/): Compare voice fraud detection for caller identity, call analytics, account actions and verification abuse. Keep audio fingerprints separate from voice analysis.
- [Fraud detection software pricing: compare the real cost](https://protectproduct.com/blog/fraud-detection-pricing-units/)
- [How to reduce false positives in fraud detection](https://protectproduct.com/blog/reduce-fraud-false-positives/)
- [Account fraud prevention vs bot mitigation: which do you need?](https://protectproduct.com/blog/account-fraud-vs-bot-mitigation/)
- [Mobile device fingerprinting and fraud SDK evaluation checklist](https://protectproduct.com/blog/mobile-fraud-sdk-checklist/)